AQA GCSE Biology

Topic 2: Organisation

Cancer

The principles of organisationThe human digestive systemFood tests required practicalEnzyme rate of reaction required practicalThe human respiratory systemThe human circulatory systemHealth and non-communicable diseaseThe effect of lifestyle on non-communicable diseaseCoronary heart diseaseCancerPlant tissuesTranspiration and translocation

Cancer and tumours

Cancer results from mutations (changes) in the DNA of cells.

These mutations lead to uncontrolled growth and division of cells, known as tumours.

Benign tumours:

Growths of abnormal cells contained in one area, usually within a membrane.
Do not invade other parts of the body.

Malignant tumours:

These are cancerous.
Invade neighbouring tissues.
Spread to other parts of the body through the blood, forming secondary tumours.

Risk factors for cancer

Lifestyle Risk Factors:

Carcinogenic chemicals: For example, chemicals in cigarette smoke.
Obesity: Linked to an increased risk of certain cancers.
Exposure to ionising radiation: Such as UV radiation from the sun.
Viral infections: For example, HPV (human papillomavirus), which can cause cervical cancer.

Genetic Risk Factors:

Some cancers are linked to mutations in DNA that can be inherited from parents.
These genetic mutations increase the likelihood of developing cancer.

Podcast

Quiz

Page updated

Google Sites

Report abuse