Hormones in human reproduction

HomeostasisThe human nervous systemReaction time required practicalThe human brainThe human eyeControl of body temperatureThe endocrine systemControl of blood glucose concentrationControl of nitrogen and water levelsHormones in human reproductionControl of fertility and treatment of infertilityAdrenaline, thyroxine and negative feedbackPlant hormonesGrowth of seedlings required practical

Puberty

During puberty, the body begins to produce increased levels of sex hormones, which trigger the development of secondary sex characteristics. These physical changes distinguish males and females and prepare the body for reproduction.

In males: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone, produced by the testes. It stimulates the development of male reproductive organs, facial hair, and a deeper voice. Testosterone also promotes sperm production.
In females: Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone, produced by the ovaries. Estrogen is responsible for the development of female breasts, widening of the hips, and the onset of menstruation.

The menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is a monthly series of hormonal changes and physical events that prepare a woman's body for pregnancy. It involves the release of an egg from the ovary (ovulation) and the preparation of the uterus lining to receive a fertilized egg.

Hormonal Control of the Menstrual Cycle

Several hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes maturation of an egg in the ovary.
Luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates the release of the egg.
Oestrogen and progesterone are involved in maintaining the uterus lining.

Hier tier only

The menstrual cycle is a complex interplay of these hormones:

FSH and estrogen: FSH stimulates the development of a follicle, which produces estrogen. As estrogen levels rise, they provide positive feedback to the pituitary gland, causing it to release more FSH and LH.
LH and ovulation: A surge in LH triggers ovulation, releasing the egg from the ovary.
Progesterone and menstruation: After ovulation, the empty follicle becomes a corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. Progesterone maintains the uterine lining. If no fertilization occurs, progesterone levels fall, leading to the breakdown of the uterine lining and menstruation.

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