AQA GCSE Chemistry
AQA GCSE Chemistry
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Topic 1: Atomic structure and the periodic table
Topic 1: Atomic structure and the periodic table
Group 0
Group 0
The Group 0 elements, known as the noble gases, are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. These gases are inert (unreactive) and colourless. They do not react with much and don’t easily form molecules because their atoms have stable arrangements of electrons.
Properties of noble gases
Properties of noble gases
Full outer electron shells: This gives them a stable arrangement, which makes them highly unreactive.
Monatomic gases: Each noble gas exists as individual atoms, not bonded to others.
Non-flammable: Since noble gases are unreactive, they do not burn or support combustion.
Inert: They do not readily react with other elements or compounds.
Patterns in properties
Patterns in properties
The boiling points of noble gases increase as you go down the group due to an increase in the relative atomic mass. As the number of electrons increases, the intermolecular forces between atoms also increase, requiring more energy (higher temperatures) to separate them into gases.
Helium, with the fewest electrons, has the lowest boiling point, while radon has the highest.
If you're given the boiling point of one noble gas, you can predict the boiling point of another. For example, if the boiling points of radon and krypton are -62°C and -153°C respectively, you could estimate that xenon, which lies between them, will have a boiling point around -108°C.
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