Metals and non-metals

Atoms, elements and compoundsMixturesDevelopment of the model of the atomStructure of the atomIsotopes and relative atomic massElectronic configurationThe modern periodic tableDevelopment of the periodic tableMetals and non-metalsGroup 1Group 7Group 0Transition metals

In the periodic table, elements can be classified as either metals or non-metals, depending on their chemical and physical properties.

Metals

Metals are elements that tend to form positive ions when they react. This means they lose electrons during chemical reactions.

Metals are found on the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table.

Physical properties of metals:

Metals are strong and can be malleable (hammered into shape) or ductile (stretched into wires).
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
They have high melting and boiling points.

Non-metals

Non-metals do not form positive ions when they react.

Non-metals are found on the right and towards the top of the periodic table.

Physical properties of non-metals:

Non-metals tend to be brittle when solid.
Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
They generally have low melting and boiling points.

Electronic structure and reactivity

Metals: Atoms of metals have only a few electrons in their outer shell, so they tend to lose electrons easily to form positive ions. This is easier as you move down a group because the outer electron is farther from the nucleus.

Non-metals: Atoms of non-metals have more electrons in their outer shell, making it easier for them to gain or share electrons in reactions. This is easier as you move up a group where the outer shell is closer to the nucleus.

This knowledge links to topics such as Group 0, Group 1, and Group 7, as well as bonding, structure, and the properties of matter.

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