Development of the human foetus

• The journey from a fertilised egg to a newborn baby is a detailed process that happens in stages.

• The time a baby spends developing in the uterus is called gestation. In humans, gestation lasts about 9 months from fertilisation to birth. This period allows a fertilised egg to grow and develop into a baby.

• As the foetus grows, it goes through specific stages:

  • 1 week: Cells start to divide and specialise.

  • 4 weeks: The spine and brain begin to form, and the heart starts beating.

  • 9 weeks: Tiny movements begin, and facial features like eyes and ears develop.

  • 12 weeks: The foetus can swallow, kick, and practice breathing movements.

• During pregnancy, mothers attend regular check-ups to monitor the baby's health. Doctors and midwives give advice on healthy habits, such as eating well, avoiding smoking, and not drinking alcohol, as these can affect the baby’s development.

Important structures

• The foetus grows inside the uterus, connected to the mother through important structures:

  • Placenta: Transfers oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the foetus and removes waste from the foetus.

  • Umbilical cord: Connects the foetus to the placenta.

  • Fluid sac: Surrounds and protects the foetus from bumps.

Birth