Natural selection

Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Over time, this can lead to the evolution of new species.
The theory of evolution, proposed by Charles Darwin, states that all living organisms are descended from a common ancestor and have evolved over time through natural selection.

Variation: Individuals within a population have genetic variations that can affect their traits.
Competition: Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, leading to competition for resources.
Adaptation and survival: Individuals with traits that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Inheritance: The traits of successful individuals are passed on to their offspring, leading to a gradual change in the population over time.

The process of natural selection

Peppered moths: During the Industrial Revolution, the dark-colored peppered moths became more common in polluted environments, as their camouflage helped them avoid predation.
Antibiotic resistance: Bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics, making it difficult to treat infections.
Galapagos finches: The beak shapes of Galapagos finches have evolved to suit different diets, such as seeds or insects.

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